So I think instead I’ll take a look at surprising changes that already happened. I’ve covered many of these in the daily newsletter of the Customer Data Platform Institute (click here to subscribe for free). In no particular order, things I didn’t quite expect this year include:
- Pushback against the walled garden vendors (Facebook, Google, Amazon, Apple, etc.) Those firms continue to dominate life online, and advertising and ecommerce in particular. (Did you know that Amazon accounted for more than half of all Black Friday sales last week?) But the usual whining about their power from competitors and ad buyers has recently been joined by increasing concerns among the public, media, and government. What’s most surprising is it took so long for the government to recognize the power those companies have accrued and the very real threat they pose to governmental authority. (See Martin Gurri’s The Revolt of the Public for by far the best explanation I’ve seen of how the Internet affects politics.) On the other hand, the concentrated power of the Web giants means they could easily converted into agents of control if the government took over. Don’t think this hasn’t occurred to certain (perhaps most) people in Washington. Perhaps that’s why they’re not interested in breaking them up. Consistent with this thought: the FCC plan to end Net Neutrality will give much more power to cable companies, which as highly regulated utilities have a long history of working closely with government authorities. It’s pitifully easy to imagine the cable companies as enthusiastic censors of unapproved messages.
- Growth in alternative personal data sources. Daily press announcements include a constant stream of news from companies that have found some new way to accumulate data about where people are going, who they meet, what they’re buying, what they plan to buy, what content they’re consuming, and pretty much everything else. Location data is especially common, derived from mobile apps that most people surely don’t realize are tracking them. But I’ve seen other creative approaches such as scanning purchase receipts (in return for a small financial reward, of course) and even using satellite photos to track store foot traffic. In-store technology such as beacons and wifi track behaviors even more precisely, and I’ve seen some fascinating (and frightening) claims about visual technologies that capture peoples’ emotions as well as identities. Combine those technologies with ubiquitous high resolution cameras, both mounted on walls and built into mobile devices, and the potential to know exactly who does and thinks what is all too real. Cross-device matching and cross-channel identity matching (a.k.a. “onboarding”) are part of this too.
- Growth in voice interfaces. Voice interfaces don't have the grand social implications of the preceding items but it’s still worth noting that voice-activated devices (Amazon Alexa and friends) and interfaces (Siri, Cortana, etc.) have grown more quickly than I anticipated. The change does add new challenges for marketers who were already having a hard time figuring out where to put ads on a mobile phone screen. With voice, they have no screen at all. Having your phone read ads to you, or perhaps worse sing a catchy jingle, will be pretty annoying. To take a more positive view: voice interfaces will force innovation in how marketers sell and put a premium on agent-based services that make more decisions for consumers. Of course, that's only positive if the agents actually work in consumers’ interest. If the agents also serve other masters – such as companies that pay them to send business their way – consumers can easily be harmed. But at least they’ll have more time for things other than shopping.
- Retailers focus on convenience. Speaking of shopping: retailers with physical stores continue to panic about the growth of Amazon and other ecommerce vendors. What I find surprising isn’t the panic, but that their main reaction has been to introduce innovations like “BOPIS” (buy online, pick up in store) that focus on shopper convenience. Nothing will ever be more convenient than ordering remotely and having stuff delivered, so this is a game they’re guaranteed to lose. It’s clear to me that the future of in-store retail depends on creating entertaining, enjoyable experiences, and specifically on human interactions that online merchants can’t duplicate. Those interactions could be with store personnel, friends, and other shoppers. I’ll violate my rule against predictions and say here that categories of in-store retail that aren’t inherently entertaining will vanish (think: grocery shopping except maybe for fresh produce). But I'll hedge my bet by not saying when.
- Marketing clouds increase their share. I don’t recall seeing any actual data on this, but my distinct impression from talking with buyers is that the major marketing clouds (Adobe, Salesforce, Oracle) are being bought by more companies. This shouldn’t have surprised me: I’ve spoken for years about “Raab’s Law”, which says that integrated suites always beat best-of-breed components in the long run. It seemed briefly that marketing technology would be different, largely because cloud-based systems make integration so much easier than before. The vast profusion of specialized martech systems seemed to support this view. But it’s clear we’re now seeing “martech fatigue” set in, as marketers tire of purchasing an endless array of new systems they then barely use. One bolt of lightning to illuminate this was a recent Gartner survey that found martech spend is now falling. This bodes ill for independent martech vendors and suggests that the long-awaited consolidation may finally be at hand. The question really is how long the momentum of wilder times will carry many of today’s martech point solutions before they fall.
- Interest in self-service technology. I’ve seen several recent announcements related to the idea that marketers and non-technical users in other departments will develop their own systems using varying types of advanced technology. Chatbots, predictive models, and entire business process integrations have all been offered as things business users could create for themselves, often with a little help from artificially intelligent friends. Bosh, I say. Marketers are already overwhelmed by the complexity of their tools and in particular by the challenges of connecting separate systems. The cloud and AI might make this easier but they don’t make it easy. The growth in marketing clouds shows marketers voting with their budgets to avoid integration. To be clear, what surprises me is that people think self-service will work or even that it’s desirable. They should know better.
- No Customer Data Platform acquisitions. Okay, maybe I’m the only person who thinks about this. But it’s still pretty odd that none of the big marketing clouds has yet purchased a CDP vendor. (The only deal I recall was Campaign Monitor buying Tagga and those are not major players.) I can think of many ways to explain this: cloud vendors don’t see the problem, they think they’re already solved it, they don’t want to admit they haven’t solved it, they don’t want to reengineer existing products to use a CDP, they prefer to buy companies with large market share, they think they can build their own CDPs, etc. But, ultimately, the big marketing clouds haven’t purchased a CDP because their clients haven’t pushed them for one. The marketing clouds will act quickly once they start losing deals because clients want CDP functions the vendors can’t provide. Maybe the limited degree of integration within the existing marketing cloud architectures is enough, or maybe buyers don't realize it's inadequate until after they’ve made the purchase. I fully expect acquisitions to happen – oops, another prediction – but not very soon. And if the clouds continue to increase their share without adding a CDP, maybe it won’t happen at all.
- No uptake on the idea of “personal network effects”. There’s no question that I’m the only person thinking about this one. But I continue to believe the concept (described here) is central to understanding how things really work in today’s online economy. I'm surprised other people haven't picked up on it, especially as they pay more attention to the power of the walled garden vendors. For example, anti-trust regulators are struggling with the fact that firms like Google, Facebook and Amazon are not monopolies in the conventional sense, are missing the point that such firms can monopolize the attention (and, thus, purchases) of individual consumers. If anybody wants to co-author a Harvard Business Review article on this, let me know. (I’m serious.)
So much for surprises. Lest you get the impression that I’m always wrong, I'll list some things that haven’t surprised me one bit.
- No pressure on privacy. While many people keep expecting consumers to really start caring about personal privacy, I’ve never seen any reason to think that will happen. Experience has shown that even the smallest reward is enough for people to expose pretty much everything there is to know about themselves. Sometimes it doesn’t even require paying money; just a bit more convenience or recognition is enough. If anything, people are getting more used to everything being public and thus less concerned about keeping anything private. They suspect, probably correctly, that it’s a losing battle.
- Lack of unified customer data. Marketers have talked for years about the need for a complete customer view and the integrated, omni-channel customer experience that’s needed to support it. It’s possible there’s actually been some progress: while surveys used to show 10-15% of marketers said they had a unified view, I’m now often seeing figures in the 25-40% range. I don’t believe the real numbers are anywhere that high but maybe they indicate a little improvement. Even so, given the important assigned to the topic, you might expect the problem would mostly be solved by now. I’m not surprised it hasn’t been: building a unified view is tough, more because of organizational obstacles than a lack of technology. So things will continue to move slowly.
- AI bubble remains unburst. Surely it’s time for people to stop getting excited every time they hear the term “artificial intelligence”? Apparently not; pretty much every new product I see announced, including vacuum cleaners and doorknobs, has an AI component. People will eventually expect AI to be built into everything, just as they expect electricity, plastics, and other previous miracle technologies. But it takes a long time for people to recognize what’s possible, so I’m not surprised they still find even basic AI features to be amazing.
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